Sub Code : PH3251
Sub Name : MATERIALS SCIENCE
COURSE OBJECTIVES
- To make the students to understand the basics of crystallography and its importance in studying materials properties.
- To understand the electrical properties of materials including free electron theory, applications of quantum mechanics and magnetic materials.
- To instil knowledge on physics of semiconductors, determination of charge carriers and device applications
- To establish a sound grasp of knowledge on different optical properties of materials, optical displays and applications
- To inculcate an idea of significance of nano structures, quantum confinement and ensuing nano device applications.
UNIT I
CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
Crystal structures: BCC, FCC and HCP – directions and planes - linear and planar densities – crystal imperfections- edge and screw dislocations – grain and twin boundaries - Burgers vector and elastic strain energy- Slip systems, plastic deformation of materials - Polymorphism – phase changes – nucleation and growth – homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation.
UNIT II
ELECTRICAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
Classical free electron theory - Expression for electrical conductivity – Thermal conductivity, expression - Quantum free electron theory :Tunneling – degenerate states – Fermi- Dirac statistics – Density of energy states – Electron in periodic potential – Energy bands in solids – tight binding approximation - Electron effective mass – concept of hole. Magnetic materials: Dia, para and ferromagnetic effects – paramagnetism in the conduction electrons in metals – exchange interaction and ferromagnetism – quantum interference devices – GMR devices.
UNIT III
SEMICONDUCTORS AND TRANSPORT PHYSICS
Intrinsic Semiconductors – Energy band diagram – direct and indirect band gap semiconductors – Carrier concentration in intrinsic semiconductors – extrinsic semiconductors - Carrier concentration in N-type & P-type semiconductors – Variation of carrier concentration with temperature – Carrier transport in Semiconductors: Drift, mobility and diffusion – Hall effect and devices – Ohmic contacts – Schottky diode.
UNIT IV
OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
Classification of optical materials – Optical processes in semiconductors: optical absorption and emission, charge injection and recombination, optical absorption, loss and gain. Optical processes in quantum wells – Optoelectronic devices: light detectors and solar cells – light emitting diode – laser diode - optical processes in organic semiconductor devices –excitonic state – Electro-optics and nonlinear optics: Modulators and switching devices – plasmonics.
UNIT V
NANOELECTRONIC DEVICES
Quantum confinement – Quantum structures – quantum wells, wires and dots – Zener-Bloch oscillations – Resonant tunneling – quantum interference effects - mesoscopic structures - Single electron phenomena – Single electron Transistor. Semiconductor photonic structures – 1D, 2D and 3D photonic crystal. Active and passive optoelectronic devices – photo processes – spintronics – carbon nanotubes: Properties and applications.
TOTAL: 45 PERIODS
COURSE OUTCOMES
At the end of the course, the students should be able to
- know basics of crystallography and its importance for varied materials properties
- gain knowledge on the electrical and magnetic properties of materials and their applications
- understand clearly of semiconductor physics and functioning of semiconductor devices
- understand the optical properties of materials and working principles of various optical devices
- appreciate the importance of functional nanoelectronic devices.
TEXT BOOKS
- V.Raghavan. Materials Science and Engineering: A First Course, Prentice Hall India Learning Private Limited, 2015.
- S.O. Kasap, Principles of Electronic Materials and Devices, Mc-Graw Hill, 2018.
- Jasprit Singh, Semiconductor Devices: Basic Principles, Wiley (India), 2007.
- Jasprit Singh, Semiconductor Optoelectronics: Physics and Technology, Mc-Graw Hill India (2019)
- G.W.Hanson. Fundamentals of Nanoelectronics. Pearson Education (Indian Edition), 2009.
REFERENCES
- R.Balasubramaniam, Callister’s Materials Science and Engineering. Wiley (Indian Edition), 2014.
- Wendelin Wright and Donald Askeland, Essentials of Materials Science and Engineering, CL Engineering, 2013.
- Robert F.Pierret, Semiconductor Device Fundamentals, Pearson, 2006
- Pallab Bhattacharya, Semiconductor Optoelectronic Devices, Pearson, 2017
- Ben Rogers, Jesse Adams and Sumita Pennathur, Nanotechnology: Understanding Small Systems, CRC Press, 2017.
